THE LAST BATTLE OF THE CIVIL WAR

                Lee surrendered to Grant on April 9, 1865, but fighting continued after that.  The last battle of the Civil War was the Battle of Palmito Ranch in Texas.  The Union and the Confederacy had small forces on the southern tip of Texas along the Rio Grande River.  A gentleman’s Read more

EMBARRASSING DEATH:  Tycho Brahe

                Tycho Brahe was a famous astronomer who accurately measured the stars and planets before the telescope was invented.  He improved the sextant and quadrant to make his measurements.  He was the first to propose that comets were objects in space.  He also was a believer in alchemy.  His achievements Read more

JAPANESE BALLOON BOMBS

 The recent threat of balloons over America was not the first time America has been threatened by balloons.  But in 1945, we didn’t have 24 hours news stations.           In 1944, Major General Kusaba of the 9th Army Technical Research Laboratory developed a secret weapon that he thought would create Read more

“THE THIRD OF MAY, 1808”

            In 1807, Napoleon sent an army into Spain. Supposedly, the French army was allied with the Spanish army in a campaign to conquer Portugal.  But soon it became apparent that the French were also there to conquer Spain.  Napoleon’s brother Joseph was put on the throne.  England sent an Read more

THE GREATEST DECEPTION OF WWII

                In 1943, North Africa had been liberated and the next planned invasion was Sicily. There was legitimate concern about how bloody that invasion could be, especially if the Germans reinforced the island. Convincing them that the invasion would occur elsewhere would greatly enhance the chances of success and greatly Read more

THE GLORIOUS GLOSTERS

                On March 15, 1951, United Nations forces recaptured Seoul (for the second and last time) and pushed northward to establish a defensive line protecting the capital.  The UN army was stretched thin and relied on holding hills to prevent a Chinese breakthrough.  In April, the British 29th Infantry Brigade Read more